On 8 March 2023, the UK government presented a new version of the UK Data Protection and Digital Information Bill No.2. As with the previous bill, the new bill aims to alleviate the burden of compliance with the UK GDPR and its implementing UK Data Protection Act (2018) for organisations in the UK.
Continue Reading UK Data Protection Bill No.2 – What is changed?
The European Parliament’s Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (‘LIBE Committee’) and the European Data Protection Board (‘EDPB’) have recently issued opinions on the European Commission’s draft US adequacy decision (‘Draft Adequacy Decision‘) for the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (‘Framework‘). Both believe there is more
The European Union’s Second Network and Information Systems Directive (“NIS2”) entered into force on 16 January 2023, and replaces the NIS 1 Directive. NIS2 aims to “improve the resilience and incident response capacities of both the public and private sector and the EU as a whole”. In addition to the EU’s NIS2 update, the UK has also recently expanded its Network and Information Systems Regulations, and further details can be found in our blog here. The revised directive aims to remove divergences in cybersecurity requirements and in implementation of cybersecurity measures in different member states. To achieve this, it sets out minimum rules for a regulatory framework and lays down mechanisms for effective cooperation among relevant authorities in each member state. It updates the list of sectors and activities subject to cybersecurity obligations, and provides for remedies and sanctions to ensure enforcement.
Continue Reading NIS2 toughens up EU’s cyber security obligations
On 17 November 2022, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office issued updated guidance on international personal data transfers. The guidance is to be used for transfers of personal data from the UK to third countries. The ICO added a template transfer risk assessment (TRA) to the guidance, which is required when organisations rely on a transfer tool under Article 46 of the UK GDPR, e.g. the ICO’s International Data Transfer Agreement (the UK version of the EU SCCs); the Addendum to the EU SCCs, or the Binding Corporate Rules. The requirement to carry out transfer impact assessments stems from Article 46(1) of the UK GDPR, which states that the transfer mechanisms can be used “on condition that enforceable data subject rights and effective legal remedies for data subjects are available” confirmed by the CJEU’s Schrems II judgement.
The ICO’s TRA offers an alternative approach to the EDPB’s transfer impact assessments (TIA), to assist data exporters with carrying out their analysis to check that that protections under the transfer tool are not undermined by the laws and practices of the recipient third country.
Continue Reading ICO provides an alternative to the EDPB transfer impact assessment
The Competition & Markets Authority (‘CMA’) published its response to the Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport (‘DCMS’) policy paper on establishing a pro-innovation approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) on 29 September 2022. This is in parallel with the coming into force of the new National Security & Investment Act 2021, under which the UK government is scrutinising transactions that use AI to produce goods, services and technology with the potential to track individuals, objects and events.
In its response, the CMA commented on the need to (i) adopt a risk based approach to the regulation of AI, (ii) consider whether existing regulatory powers are appropriate, and (iii) encourage collaboration between regulators.
The European Commission published a proposal for a Cyber Resilience Act on 15 September 2022 (the ‘Regulation’), which aims to:
On 26 September 2022, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (“ICO”) issued a blog post addressing compliance with data subject access requests (“DSARs”).
A DSAR is a written request by an individual to an organisation asking for access to the personal information it holds on them. This is a legal right everyone in the UK has and can be exercised at any time for free (in most circumstances).
Continue Reading ICO issues guidance on responding to subject access requests
The UK Financial Services and Markets Bill (“FSMB”) and the accompanying explanatory notes were published on 20 July. The FSMB signals upcoming reforms to the regulatory landscape in the UK financial services sector, including issues and challenges brought about by the adoption of technologies and digital assets.
On 18 July 2022, the United Kingdom (UK) government set out its new proposals for regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies while promoting innovation, boosting public trust, and protecting data. The proposals reflect a less centralised and more risk-based approach than in the EU’s draft AI Act.
The proposals coincide with the introduction to Parliament of the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill, which includes measures to use AI responsibly while reducing compliance burdens on businesses to boost the economy.
Continue Reading UK government announces its proposals for regulating AI
Background
On 1 August 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) issued a decision (“Decision”) clarifying how the indirect disclosure of sexual orientation data is protected as special category data under Article 9 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). “Special Category Data” is defined within Article 9(1) of the GDPR and includes (for example) a data subject’s racial or ethnic origin or data concerning a natural person’s sex life or sexual orientation. The processing of such sensitive personal data is expressly prohibited, unless the processing is exempted from the prohibition in the sense of Article 9(2) GDPR.
Continue Reading CJEU rules on interpretation of EU GDPR special categories of data