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In January 2022, several decisions by the French data protection regulator (“CNIL”) were published regarding the implementation of French cookie requirements, sending out a strong signal to website operators targeting French users. On 6 January 2022, the CNIL issued fines totalling 150 million euros and 60 million euros, to Google and Facebook respectively, for violations of the cookie laws in France. Both fines related to the method by which, and the lack of ease in which, users can reject the use of cookies, specifically on the following websites: google.fr, youtube.com and facebook.com. Some might see this as a controversial move by the CNIL, given that the method for opposing cookies has not strictly been written into law.

Then, on 28 January 2022, the French Supreme Administrative Court (French Council of State or “Conseil d’Etat”) upheld a 100 million euro fine imposed by the CNIL on Google on March 2020, also on the topic of cookie rules. The Council of State confirmed the fine, highlighting the fact that seven cookies were automatically dropped on the users’ terminal, four of which were used for advertising purposes, whereas users were not directly and explicitly informed of either the purposes of these cookies, or how to opt-out of the use of cookies.…

Continue Reading Cookie fines in France in January 2022: is it the beginning of a “Cookie Gate”?

After Germany became the last EU member state to transpose Article 5(3) of the Directive 2002/58/EC, amended by Directive 2009/136/EC (ePrivacy Directive) into national law, the use of cookies in the EU must meet one of the following requirements:

  • The user’s consent, or
  • The cookie must be strictly necessary in order to provide the service explicitly requested by the user (Strictly Necessary Cookies).

The category of Strictly Necessary Cookies was previously interpreted rather narrowly. There must be a clear link between the strict necessity of the cookie and the delivery of the service. It is not sufficient that the cookie is merely necessary from an economic perspective to run a website. The Article 29 Working Party in WP194 regarded shopping cart, user authentication, security, load balancing, or multimedia player as use cases for Strictly Necessary Cookies.

The legal basis for so-called Reach Measurement Cookies has been heavily debated. Reach Measurement Cookies are statistical audience measurement tools for websites used to estimate the number of unique users, track the users’ interaction with the website and track down navigation issues. Typically, they have not been regarded as Strictly Necessary Cookies because websites can be provided to the users without measuring the users’ interactions with the websites. At the same time, Reach Measurement Cookies only provide useful findings if every users’ interactions with the websites are tracked.

In this context, the French data protection authority (CNIL) has provided guidelines (Guidelines) under which the Reach Measurement Cookies may be considered as Strictly Necessary Cookies and thus benefit from the consent exemption.…

Continue Reading When are Reach Measurement Cookies exempt from the consent requirement?

On March 12, 2021, the French Council of State (Conseil d’Etat), the highest French administrative court, handed down a ruling (ordonnance des référés) allowing Doctolib, a company in charge of booking COVID-19 vaccination appointments, to rely on a U.S.-based health data host.

In the present case, the servers of Doctolib – whose platform had been entrusted by the French government for booking COVID-19 vaccinations – were hosted by the Luxembourg subsidiary of AWS, a U.S. company. Specifically, in this case, the AWS data was stored in data centers located in the European Union (specifically, in France and Germany).

The French government’s decision to use a platform hosted by the subsidiary of a U.S.-based company raised significant concerns among French associations and trade unions because of the Schrems II decision rendered by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU July 16, 2020, Case C-311/18, Data Protection Commissioner v. Facebook Ireland Ltd. and Maximilian Schrems), which shed light on the risks that U.S. surveillance laws might pose to data subjects in the event of access requests by U.S. agencies.
Continue Reading Aftermath of Schrems II decision in France: The French Council of State provides significant clarification on the U.S. based data host to provide services in the French health care sector

The French data protection authority (CNIL) rendered three major decisions impacting worldwide online service providers following online controls and investigations performed on the companies’ websites. These decisions highlight the obligations of data controllers when using cookies and other trackers, notably regarding the way the user’s consent shall be collected, and the level of information that…

By a new decision of sanction rendered on 28 May 2019, the French data protection authority Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL) imposed a €400,000 fine on French property management company Sergic for failure to comply with its obligation to maintain the security of and to limit the storage of personal data. This €400,000 euros fine is the first sanction imposed on a French company under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and is also the most significant financial penalty imposed on a French company for data breaches to date. It represents close to 1 per cent of the yearly turnover of the fined company.
Continue Reading First sanction decision rendered by the CNIL regarding data breaches worth almost 1 per cent of the company’s yearly turnover: the era of tolerance seems to be over

A few days before the entry into force of the GDPR, the CNIL imposed a 250,000 euros penalty to the company Optical Center for failure to secure personal data on its website – where a breach occurred, allowing access to invoices and purchases orders containing personal and sensitive data of customers. Further to Optical Center’s appeal, the French Highest administrative Court (“Council of State”), confirmed the sanction but reassessed the amount of the penalty to 200,000 euros in a recent decision dated 17 April 2019.

Contrary to the U.S in particular, the sanctions pronounced for data breaches remain in France in the hands of the regulator, the CNIL. Given that the sanctions pronounced took place before the entering into force of the GDPR, the CNIL was limited in its sanction powers, which, compared to applicable standards at that time, can be seen as severe. Another factor played a role: Optical Center had already been imposed a 50,000 euros penalty for a similar data breach on 5 November 2015, which was confirmed on 19 June 2017 by the Council of State.…

Continue Reading The Highest French administrative Court slightly reduces the amount of a penalty imposed by the CNIL: is this the tip of the iceberg ?

In an interview dated February 2018,[1] Isabelle Falque-Pierrotin, at the Head of the French data protection authority (CNIL), stated that the CNIL would adopt a flexible and pragmatic approach from May 2018 onwards when controlling compliance with data protection requirements. The first decision of sanction rendered by the CNIL on Monday January 21, 2019, which is to date the most severe sanction ever imposed to a web giant (‘GAFA’) under the GDPR, gives a sense of what that flexible approach might be in the eyes of the French regulator.

Background: a wave of awareness among users at the EU level shows a new face of data protection

In a notice dated November 2018,[2] the CNIL reported that the number of claims related to privacy issues had significantly increased (by 34 percent) since the adoption of GDPR in May 2018. The protection of personal data seems therefore to be becoming an ever more important issue, especially since nonprofit associations are able to collectively report breaches and issue claims on behalf of users to EU data protection authorities, pursuant to Article 80 of the GDPR.

The January 21, 2019 decision of the CNIL against Google recalls the admissibility of complaints filed by nonprofit associations, which have a mandate to represent users. The decision thus follows the collective complaints filed a few days after the entry into force of the GDPR, on May 25 and 28, 2018, by the organization None of your business and the French organization La Quadrature du Net.

As reflected by the length and documented character of the decision (31 pages), delivered in an extremely short time frame after an expeditive procedure (barely 10 weeks), the CNIL shows a clear willingness to implement a far-reaching control over GAFAs regarding the information given to users and consent management, highlighting that the GDPR is aimed at fighting any form of “forum shopping.”…

Continue Reading First sanction decision rendered by the CNIL under the GDPR: GDPR awareness 2.0 has begun

The CNIL issued a press release February 4, setting expectations concerning the “EU-U.S. Privacy Shield” work-in-progress. In the same time, it has switched to enforcement mode concerning Safe Harbor remediation failure.

Click here to read more in the issued Client Alert.

On February 8 and 9, 2016, the French Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Prevention of Fraud (the ‘DGCCRF’) and the French Data Protection Authority (the ‘CNIL’), through an obviously concerted action, have publicised regulatory enforcement measures they are undertaking against Facebook.

The DGCCRF is requiring Facebook to re-write its Terms and Conditions on the grounds of consumer protection for France

The DGCCRF issued an injunction to Facebook requiring either revising or removing certain clauses of its Terms and Conditions which would be considered as unfair and “abusive” terms under French consumer law. This concerns in particular provisions granting Facebook the right, in its sole discretion, to remove any content or information posted by Facebook users, or to update its Payment Terms at any time without informing the users beforehand. The DGCCRF required Facebook to take appropriate action within 60 days. Otherwise, Facebook can be sued before the French courts.
Continue Reading By jointly tackling Facebook, French regulators set an example to large international digital media companies – First prominent enforcement measure after the Safe Harbor invalidation

On 19 November, the CNIL released an article in order to provide companies impacted by the recent CJEU ruling on invalidation of Safe Harbor with guidance on the next steps. The article was published at the same time the CNIL sent a mailing to all data controllers relying on Safe Harbor to fix the issue.…